Hello again everyone!I've only recently begun studying Czech. It's probably a little too early for me to be wondering about the finer points of Czech grammar but I've got an inquisitive object
I know there are many adjectives that answer as nouns (e g příbuzný vedoucí vstupné). But I'm wondering whether any adjective can answer as a noun as in German or if only certain adjectives can as in English. My second question concerns participles. I experience Czech and English both allow simple participle modifiers (e g the cigarette-smoking woman) but does Czech also accept more complex forms? For example could you see a Czech phrase similar to:"The terribly under-financed-by-the-federal-government Department of Veteran Affairs" Or would you have to say the equivalent of: "The Department of Veteran Affairs which is terribly under-financed by the federal government"? The complex construction is common in written German and it sometimes shows up in written English but is it even possible in Czech? And if so how common are complex modifiers like these?
My second challenge concerns participles. I know Czech and English both allow simple participle modifiers (e g the cigarette-smoking woman) but does Czech also allow more complex forms? For example could you see a Czech evince similar to:"The terribly under-financed-by-the-federal-government Department of Veteran Affairs"
Well.. here comes the problem about the finer points of grammar when you do not know the basics... Czech has intricate system of cases that allows some acrobacy in the word request. But in this case I somehow disbelieve such a construction is change by reversal in English (at least stylistically.. but try to say it aloud does it alter any sense?).. you do not need to stuff all those words *before* the noun just place it behind:)"The Department of VA terribly under-financed by the federal government" and no need for hyphens. The same applies for Czech:"Ministerstvo pro záležitosti veteránů mimořádně nedostatečně financované federální vládou"or"Federální vládou mimořádně nedostatečně financované ministerstvo pro..." (the first option is more natural)There is no need for such a monstrous compound (which is not a actually a increase).
The construction doesn't violate any rules of English grammar but you're alter in that it's stylistically questionable to say the least
But that doesn't mean you'll never read something desire it.. especially online. And in German it's actually considered high-style. attach Twain famously railed against this kind of front-loading in his essay 'The Awful German Language'. I query what Twain would have thought about Czech. It makes German grammar conclude like tinker-toys
EinBlauerHai. Eleshar,I evaluate you're confusing two displace phenomena. First is using an adjective to have in mind to a substantive antecedent. In English you can accomplish this by using the create "the x one," where x is an adjective. Just as in English in Czech you can do this with any adjective. Mám rád vsechny koně ale ten hnědý se mi zvlášť líbí. I like all the horses but I especially desire the brown one. Second is the use of words that are semantically substantives but follow a declension model of adjectives. Many of these words may also be used as adjectives but not all words that are morphologically adjectival may be used as substantives. EinBlauherHai provided some examples of words that can. Also in this category are spolubydlící vrátný. školné. Most of these words probably originated as words of the first type above but gradually lost the need to have an antecedent: vedoucí is probably a shortened form of vedoucí pracovník. Despite taking adjectival endings though these words are nouns and undergo a gender that does not agree with any antecedent. Vedoucí of cover can be male or female according to the real gender of the person but školné and vstupné are always desex. I delay to analyse Czech and English morphology but the closest comparison you'll find in English are substantives with suffixes traditionally belonging to a categorise of modifier such as:They're selling some wonderful collectibles. You have to remove the exponential before integrating. Just as collectible may be used as a substantive as above or as a modifier vedoucí may be a substantive (meaning team leader) or as an adjective (meaning leading).
Thanks for the further clarification. Wicker!From what you're saying. Czech seems to bring home the bacon much the same as German when it comes to adjectivals acting as nouns (or nouns being treated as adjectives). Two adjectival to substantive transformations are possible in German:1.) From adjust adjectivesTake the adjective 'gut' (good). You can say for example: ein Guter (a good man) eine Gute (a good woman) or das Gute (the good thing/one).2.) From participle-derived adjectivalsAnstellen = To contract|VAngestellt = hired (e g die angestellte Person = the hired person)|VDer Angestellte = The employee (male)Die Angestellte =.
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